ASTM A335 P91 Pipe Specification (Chrome Moly Pipe)

Ol tim bilong pawa na rifaineri paiping i save go long ASTM A335 P91 taim wanpela samting ol i save long en i kamap: tempereja bilong stim i go antap, presa bilong disain i stap antap yet, na P22 o P9 inap long inapim ol samting tasol wantaim ol bikpela hap bilong wol. Long dispela taim, hevi, sapot lod na longpela taim laip bilong ol samting i save kamap i hat long bosim.

Ol situesen we P91 i kamap wanpela kendidet materiel em:

• Ol bikpela stim na hot 'reheat' lain insait long 'supercritical' na 'ultra-supercritical' yunit
• Hai-presa, hai-temperature het insait long HRSG na ol 'combined-cycle plants
• Longpela stim ran we P22 wol tiknes bai i bikpela tumas na i hat long wokim
• Laip-ekstensen projek we olpela P22 paip i go antap long ol bikpela stim kondisen

Long sait bilong wok, P91 em i mak we i save larim ol disaina longinapim mak bilong tempereja, presa na laiptaimtaim yu holim yet 'wall thickness' insait long wanpela mak we wok bilong wokim, lukautim na putim i ken bosim gut.

Ol i no makim P91 bikos em i stap insait long wanpela katalog; ol i makim bikos long wanem hap em i sindaun long enASME i larim ol stres kevna 'creep-rupture data. Taim yumi skelim wantaim P22 na P9, dispela gret i givim bikpela winmani long 540-620 digri ben we planti ol nupela stim sistem i save wok long en.

Ol bikpela samting bilong tingim taim yu makim P91 sevis windo:

• Ol tempereja bilong ol ain bilong ol bikpela na hatpela lain i save pundaun namel long540-620 digri, i dipen long boiler na saikel disain.
• Long wanem kain tempereja, P91 i save givim bikpela moastres we ol i ken larim, we i save go stret long ol kalkulesen bilong 'wall-thickness we ol i nidim.
• Ol liklik wol i save daunim hevi bilong ol yet, ol taim bilong ben long ol sapot na long ol 'wall thermal gradients', tasol ol i no rausim nid bilong mekim gutpela 'flexibility' na 'expansion analysis'.
• Ol plant we i gat longpela laip i save wokim planti taim bilong100,000 aua o moabilong krip laip na bihain konfemim suitabiliti yusim taim-temperature-stres data we ol i wanbel long en.

Ol 'tensile values' bilong rum-temperature i givim wanpela 'baseline'. Ol samting yu mas mekim (sekim nupela ASTM/ASME bilong yusim long projek) em:

Tebol 1 – Ol samting bilong rum-temperature bilong P91 seamless paip (indikativ)

*Ol stretpela mak bai bihainim ol nupela ASTM A335 na ol ASME kod edisen.

Ol dispela namba i kamap moa mining taim ol i bungim ol wantaim ol 'high-temperature allowable stress tebles we ol i yusim long disain.

Long sait bilong ain, ASTM A335 P91 em i no wanpela "strongpela P22" tasol; em i bilong9Cr-1Mo-V-Nb tempered martensitic famili. Gret i kamap long tripela tingting we i pas wantaim:

• Raf9% Cr + 1% Mogivim 'oxidation resistance' na strong bilong 'baseline high-temperature.
• Ol samting moa bilongV, Nb na Nkamapim ol gutpela 'carbides' na 'carbonaitrades' we i sapotim longpela taim 'creep resistance'.
• Wanpela kontrolnormalisim-na-heat tritmeni kamapim wanpela gutpela 'tempered martensitic microstructure'.

Tebol 2 – Ol kain kemikel komposesen bilong ASTM A335 P91 (refrens ranj)

Ol spesifikasen bilong papa bilong haus i save taitim ol dispela mak long rot bilong:

• Putim ol liklik mak bilong ol samting i stap yet olsem Sn, Sb, As na Cu long daunim 'temper embrittlement'
• Mekim ol mak bilong V, Nb na N i go liklik long strongim longpela taim 'creep behavior' namel long ol 'heats'
• Tok klia long wok bilong klinim na hat-tritmen paramita bilong ol bikpela seket

As tingting bilong dispela em wanpelagutpela, wankain na 'temper-stable martensitic microstructurewe i save senis isi isi na yumi ken save long en aninit long longpela taim bilong hai-temperature sevis.

Bikos P91 i dipen long wanpela 'tempered martensitic structure' we i gat gutpela balens, sapos ol i no bosim gut hat bilong en long taim bilong wokim dispela samting, dispela inap senisim pasin bilong en long taim bilong sevis. Maski paip yet i no gat 'seam', wok bilong wokim stua, 'hot bending' na 'local heating' i mas stap yet insait long wanpela 'temperature window'.

Ol bikpela samting bilong wokim na lukautim em:

Kondisen bilong deliveri

P91 'seamless pipe' em i stap long wanpela 'normalised-and-tempered condition. Ol wok bilong wokim hotpela samting bihain i no ken winim mak bilong temperaja sapos ol i no plenim na raitim wanpela ful re-normalise-na-temper saikel.

Bendim na wokim

Ol 'hot' o 'induction bending' pasin i mas i gat gutpela kwalifait bai ol i ken mekim hat, strong na 'impact properties' i stap insait long ol spesifikasen. Sapos i gat bikpela hevi o tempereja, dispela inap long mekim straksa i kamap strong na daunim strong bilong 'creep'.

Lokal hiting na daunim hevi

Olgeta 'local heat treatment' bilong stretim o daunim hevi i mas stap gut na rekodim. Em i no gutpela long yusim wanpela 'torch' long sotpela taim na noken bosim gut bikos dispela inap long kamapim ol 'spot' we i hat tumas o i strong tumas.

Wokim masin na katim

Ol rot bilong katim long hat i nidim gutpela kontrol bilong hatim pastaim, spit bilong katim na bihain grinding long abrusim ol strongpela, bruk bruk rim. Planti taim ol i save laikim 'cold cutting' na 'machining' we i gutpela long ol 'critical circuits'.

Stoa na lukautim

Long sapotim longpela taim, ol i mas putim ol P91 paip long ples bilong abrusim bagarap long pes bilong en, ol mak bilong masin na bagarap we i no inap long bosim, moa yet long ol hap we i gat planti hevi olsem ol ben na senis.

Long planti projek, ol i save skelim gut ol wok bilong wokim ol P91 komponen olsem ol i save skelim gut ol wok bilong wokim ol disain, bikos long 'alloy's sensitivity long 'thermal history'.

Taim ol i stat long wok, ol P91 komponen insait long ol stim sistem i save bagarap long'creep', 'oxidation' na 'thermal fatigue', na i no wantu tasol 'brittle failure'. Ol strateji bilong sekim ol samting i save lukluk long ol ples we i gat bikpela hat, bikpela hevi na 'geometric concentration'.

Ol eria we ol i save lukluk long en em:

Ol ples we i hat na ol hap we i gat bikpela hat bilong metal

Ol seksen we i gat bikpela temperaja bilong ol metal long ples bilong en winim mak bilong disain-olsem ol eria we i no gat gutpela insulesen o klostu long ol ples we i gat hat-ol i kisim bikpela luksave long plening bilong sekim.

Ol ben na senis long rot

Ol 'bend' i save bungim ol narapela narapela 'fiber stresses' long ol 'intrados' na 'extrados' long taim bilong wok na ol i ken bungim 'creep strain' hariap moa long ol 'straight runs'.

Ol brens koneksen na ol nosel

Ol senis long seksen na jiometri i save kamapim ol lokol stres konsentresen. Bihain long sampela taim, ol dispela ples i ken kamap ol gutpela ples bilong mekim 'creep deformation' na 'cracking'.

Ol sapot na ol samting bilong pasim

Ol sapot we i no stret o i strong tumas inap long pasim 'thermal expansion' na kamapim ol 'secondary stress' we i save mekim bagarap i kamap hariap long ol 'contact points' na 'pipe wall' klostu.

Ol data bilong MT/PT/UT/RT, 'hardness re-checks' na 'replica metallography' i ken bung wantaim 'operating history' bilong makim sapos wok bilong stretim ples, senisim ol komponen o moa ditel laip asesmen i stret.

Planti enjinia i no tingim P22, P9 na P91 olsem wanpela strongpela lada tasol, ol i tingim ol olsemol narapela narapela bekim long ol narapela narapela askim bilong tempereja na laip.

Tebol 3 – Skelim tingting bilong P22, P9 na P91

*Ol mak tru i stap aninit long ol stres we ASME i larim, ol disain kod na ol standet bilong ona.

Wanpela komon paten long ol nupela hai-paramita plent em:

• P91 bilong bikpela stim, hatpela hat gen na ol ki hai-presa het
• P22 o P9 bilong ol hot lain we i gat liklik -temperature
• Ol liklik -aloi materiel bilong ol kol o hat hap we i stap daunbilo

Ol i stretim ol senis namel long ol narapela narapela samting wantaim ol gutpela fiting, gutpela 'stress analysis' na 'enhanced inspection' long ol 'interface'.

Ol klia teknikel pepa long taim bilong wok painimaut em i bikpela samting long kamapim gutpela P91 saplai na wokim ol sistem we i no gat hevi. Ol samting we ol enjinia na ol baia i save makim em:

• Ol standet na kod edisen (ASTM A335 Gret P91, ASME seksen na disain kod)
• Sais: ausait diamita, wol tiknes na longpela, wantaim ol hevi-wol samting o ol ben we bai kamap long paip
• Delivery condition: nomol na tempered, wantaim ol ekspektesen bilong ol narapela hat tritmen long ol prefabriketed komponen
• Ol mak bilong kemistri, na tu, ol tok klia bilong ol samting i stap yet i kam long papa bilong en
• Mekanikel na ol narapela tes: 'tensile', 'impact', 'hardness', na ol narapela longpela taim 'creep-tes we projek i nidim
• NDE skop bilong bodi bilong paip (olsem, 'volumetric examination' bilong ol bikpela lain), wantaim ol mak bilong kisim na ripot fomat
• Redi bilong pinis, ol samting we i ken kamap na ol samting bilong makim / bihainim
• Nidim wanpela namba tri lain long witnesim o sekim (olsem BV, SGS o ol narapela bodi we ol i makim)

Long ol hai-temperature stim sistem we ol i wokim klostu long ASTM A335 P91 seamless paip, Octal Pipe i ken saplaim chrome moly paip long ol sais na kondisen ol i makim, kodinetim tes na dokumentesen wantaim projek kwaliti plen, na stretim ol narapela -inspeksen we i gat nid long en bai ol setifiket, ripot na tes i ken go insait gut long NDE QA/QC bilong ona na longpela taim aset menesmen sistem.

Ol setifikesen

 

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